Livraria

Anaerobic biotechnology is a cost-effective and sustainable means of treating waste and wastewaters that couples treatment processes with the reclamation of useful by-products and renewable biofuels. This means of treating municipal, agricultural, and industrial wastes allows waste products to be converted to value-added products such as biofuels, biofertilizers, and other chemicals. Anaerobic Biotechnology for Bioenergy Production: Principles and Applications provides the reader with basic principles of anaerobic processes alongside practical uses of anaerobic biotechnology options. This book will be a valuable reference to any professional currently considering or working with anaerobic biotechnology options.

This book derives an explicit analytical pattern (or framework) that permits the examination and optimization of biogas production systems. It provides a concise overview of the current status of biogas and biogas coupled agricultural systems in China, and introduces evaluation methods for energy efficiency, environmental emissions, economic performance and sustainability assessment approaches. Based on empirical studies, it also explores future options for the system development by focusing on emissions mitigation, biogas energy efficiency and system sustainability. Systematic methods of life cycle assessment and thermodynamic analysis may provide new angles for biogas system evaluation. The system discussed is not only a biogas producer, but also a biogas-linked ecological agricultural system, which has the potential to broaden the applicable scopes of renewable energy and eco-agricultural management. The comprehensive, in-depth knowledge and experience presented provide new analytical approaches for researchers in relevant fields and shed light on the construction and operation of emerging anaerobic digestion and biogas industries. This book is a valuable resource for researchers focusing on biogas system modeling, project managers and policymakers.

Master's Thesis from the year 2008 in the subject Agrarian Studies, grade: Very Good, course: Tropical Land Resources Management, language: English, abstract: Abstract The study was conducted in North Wollo, Mersa-Chekorsa village, Ethiopia in 2006/2007, where animal dung for biogas production is available. The overall objective of the study was to introduce economically feasible, technically acceptable and environmentally friendly biogas plant to the farming community and other potential users in Ethiopia. The research was carried on two types of biogas plants of 3m3 capacity (1) geo-membrane plastic (two single and two double layered) biogas plants constructed below and above the ground surface and (2) fixed-dome biogas plant. Each bio-digesters was fed with a mixture of 75Kg of cow-dung and 75Kg pure water at equal volume and proportion. Amount of gas and slurry were measured using calibrated biogas burner and weight balance respectively. The quality of the slurry (i.e. total-N and organic matter content) were analyzed in the laboratory using Kjeldahl and ash method respectively. The bio-digesters were compared after gas has completely produced at the end of 40 days of fermentation with respect to amount of gas and slurry produced, quality of slurry in terms of total-N and organic matter content. Economic analysis of the bio-digesters was carried out using cost-benefit analysis. The social aspect of using biomass and biogas technologies and environmental impact assessment of the new geo-membrane plastic biogas technology was also assessed. The emissions of CO2 and CH4 were computed by measuring the production of biogas in the two models of bio-digester. Fermented slurry contained larger nitrogen content than fresh cow dung in both models of bio-digester. The geo-membrane plastic biogas plant gave higher net benefit than fixed-dome biogas plant. So, from this, investment on geo-membrane plastic bio-digester is economically feasible. Environmental impact assessme.

The use of environmental and nutritional factors to optimize fermentation conditions, are important for application of bioprocesses. To optimize these processes using conventional techniques, for example the one factor at a time method, is time consuming and laborious. Statistical design of experiments has become popular for medium optimization in industry since this allows the investigator to assess more than one factor at a time. This method is a time saving and effective method for the screening significant factors of a multivariable system. This book reviews the latest research on statistical optimization of total biogas produced by Clostridium beijerinkii and Clostridium paraputrificum utilizing N-acetylglucosamine as the main carbon source. Individual chapters cover different stages in the optimization design. The Plackett and burman screening design was used to identify significant medium constituents. The information gathered from each stage of an optimization process was used for the next stage of optimization. In addition to presenting recent research in this area, this book also contains important discussions on the potential benefits of using statistical optimization design over the traditional one factor at a time optimization method.

The leading book on the market just got better: With its unique approach covering all aspects of setting up and running a biogas plant, this new edition has been expanded to include recent advances in biomass processing.
The author is a key player in the field, who has designed numerous small- and industrial-scale biogas plants, and who is also a long-time lecturer on biogas production, thus combining didactical skill with real-life expertise. As such, he covers both the biological and technical aspects of biogas generation. The full range of biogas substrates and processing modes is explained, from agricultural and industrial waste to marine algae and sediment. On-site use of biogas for conversion into electricity, fuel and heat is also discussed, as are safety and regulatory issues. Many real-life examples of European biogas plants already in operation illustrate the contents, as do numerous schemes, diagrams and summary tables.
For this new edition, biogas analytics and quality control required for feeding biogas into natural gas networks are included, as is a completely new chapter on the microbiology of biogas-producing bacterial communities.

This book highlights the current limitations of biogas production and yield and new avenues to improving them. Biogas production and yield are among the most important renewable energy targets for our world. Pursuing an innovative and biotechnological approach, the book presents alternative sources for biogas production and explores a broad range of aspects, including: pre-treatment of substrates, accelerators (enzyme-mediated) and inhibitors involved in the process of obtaining biogas and its yield, design specifications for digesters/modified digesters, managing biogas plants, microbial risk and slurry management, energy balance and positive climatic impacts of the biogas production chain, and the impacts on Human, Animal and Environmental Health (“One Health” concept for the biogas chain).

La Vinaza es efluente de la primera columna de destilación que tiene una alta concentración de carga orgánica. La biodegradación anaeróbica de vinaza en una destilería de alcohol, que se almacena en piscina de degradación natural, generando metano hacia la atmósfera, aumentando los gases de efecto invernadero. La investigación da lineamientos en búsqueda de nuevas alternativas energéticas, el biogás generado por la biodegradación anaeróbica de la vinaza, es un combustible limpio que genera menos gases de efecto invernadero y a su vez disminuyendo al calentamiento global. La evaluación de los resultados se demuestra que podemos reemplazar el 70?combustible fósil por biogás en la destilería, para estimar la alternativa de aprovechamiento energético en calderas y energía eléctrica. El estudio contribuye a minimizar el impacto que produce la vinaza al medio ambiente, lográndose en este estudio una remoción del 72% DQOt (total) y 77.55% DQOs (soluble) Mediante el estudio proyectado en este libro se pudo demostrar, que se puede vender las reducciones emisiones de metano de acuerdo al proyecto MDL.

Design and Optimization of Biogas Energy Systems presents an overview on planning, implementing, assessing and optimizing biogas systems, from fuel conversion to power generation. The book introduces the fundamental elements of bioenergy systems, highlighting the specificities of biogas systems. It discusses the current state of their adoption at a global level and the challenges faced by designers and operators. Methods for sizing, simulating and modeling are discussed, including prefeasibility analysis, available production processes, integration into hybrid energy systems, and the application of Big Data analysis and game theory concepts. All chapters include real-life examples and exercises to illustrate the topics being covered.

The book goes beyond theory to offer practical knowledge of methods to reach solutions to key challenges in the field. This is a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners and graduate students interested in developing smart, reliable and sustainable biogas technologies.

With pressure increasing to utilise wastes and residues effectively and sustainably, the production of biogas represents one of the most important routes towards reaching national and international renewable energy targets. The biogas handbook: Science, production and applications provides a comprehensive and systematic guide to the development and deployment of biogas supply chains and technology.
Following a concise overview of biogas as an energy option, part one explores biomass resources and fundamental science and engineering of biogas production, including feedstock characterisation, storage and pre-treatment, and yield optimisation. Plant design, engineering, process optimisation and digestate utilisation are the focus of part two. Topics considered include the engineering and process control of biogas plants, methane emissions in biogas production, and biogas digestate quality, utilisation and land application. Finally, part three discusses international experience and best practice in biogas utilisation. Biogas cleaning and upgrading to biomethane, biomethane use as transport fuel and the generation of heat and power from biogas for stationery applications are all discussed. The book concludes with a review of market development and biomethane certification schemes.

With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, The biogas handbook: Science, production and applications is a practical reference to biogas technology for process engineers, manufacturers, industrial chemists and biochemists, scientists, researchers and academics working in this field.

This book focuses on biogas production by anaerobic digestion, which is the most popular bioenergy technology of today. Using anaerobic digestion for the production of biogas is a sustainable approach that simultaneously also allows the treatment of organic waste. The energy contained in the substrate is released in the form of biogas, which can be employed as a renewable fuel in diverse industrial sectors.

Although biogas generation is considered an established process, it continues to evolve, e.g. by incorporating modifications and improvements to increase its efficiency and its downstream applications. The chapters of this book review the progress made related to feedstock, system configuration and operational conditions. It also addresses microbial pathways utilized, as well as storage, transportation and usage of biogas.

This book is an up-to-date resource for scientists and students working on improving biogas production.

This book focuses on agricultural waste treatment and renewable energy production from the perspective of anaerobic digestion. It covers topics on anaerobic digestion processes and practices in various types of biogas plant construction and management and systematically addresses the principle and main features of three kinds of anaerobic digestion systems: household digesters, biogas septic tanks, and biogas plants. Instructive, informative and easy to understand, the book offers a valuable asset for researchers, technicians, graduate students and managerial personnel working in the areas of renewable energy, agricultural ecological engineering and the treatment and utilization of agricultural wastes.

Em tempos de crise energética, se torna cada vez mais importante e interessante conhecer as fontes de energia alternativas que existem ao nosso alcance e os meios que se utilizam para explorar-lhas. Segundo a Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE), até 2030, estima-se que, com o aumento da demanda de energia, haverá o crescimento da utilização de outras fontes primárias renováveis de energia, que representará 7% do total energético do país. Este livro apresenta uma excelente alternativa para o aproveitamento energético e consiste na avaliação da aplicação de biodigestores e do subproduto biogás para a geração de energia elétrica, por meio de um gerador movido por um motor à combustão, bem como a análise da viabilidade financeira de um pequeno projeto. A metodologia aplicada nesse livro se baseia nas metodologias usadas por Arruda et.al. (2002), Gaspar (2003), Martin et al. (1998) e Zanin et. al. (2010). Direcionado a estudantes de engenharia interessados na área de energia renováveis e a produtores rurais dedicados a pecuária semi-extensiva em zonas isoladas. Aproveite essa oportunidade para descobrir como aproveitar o potencial energético que está próximo a você.

O setor sucroalcooleiro tem se destacado pelo aumento da produção e independência energética e isso se deve em parte à pesquisa e desenvolvimento voltados para o aproveitamento de seus resíduos. O crescimento do setor traz consigo o aumento da produção de etanol e dos resíduos gerados pelo seu processo de produção, entre eles a vinhaça, que é produzida na proporção de 10 a 15 litros para cada litro de etanol. Rica em nutrientes, a vinhaça vem sendo amplamente utilizada na fertirrigação de áreas cultivadas com cana-de-açúcar, contudo, a vinhaça possui alto potencial de poluição e sua disposição deve ser feita com cautela. Neste cenário, a biodigestão anaeróbia é uma alternativa para o tratamento da vinhaça, reduzindo a matéria orgânica do resíduo e gerando o biogás, um biocombustível rico em metano que pode ser aproveitado na agroindústria para geração de energia elétrica, como combustível veicular ou como fonte de calor para o processo.

A disposição irregular dos resíduos sólidos é um dos grandes problemas enfrentados no mundo, ao qual vem sendo implantados vários sistemas para o seu controle, uma alternativa sustentável para isto são os aterros sanitários, que é uma forma mais eficaz e ambientalmente correta. Nesse contexto, este trabalho estudou os aspectos técnicos, econômicos e ambientais que estão associados a captação do biogás e o seu aproveitamento a partir dos resíduos sólidos urbanos em aterros sanitários. Através da apresentação de processos, são estabelecidas vantagens relacionadas a geração de energia renovável e acima de tudo limpa, que reduz os impactos provocados no processo de tratamento e principalmente pela queima dos resíduos proporcionando geração de créditos de carbono. Através de uma revisão bibliográfica este trabalho ilustrou as etapas de concepção de um aterro sanitário, bem como a captação do biogás para posteriormente ser utilizado como fonte de energia. O estudo aponta para o mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo (MDL) ao qual permite reduções nas emissões de gases do efeito estufa (GEE).

O biogás, gerado nas estações de tratamento de esgoto apresenta-se com uma importante contribuição na produção de eletricidade a partir de fontes renováveis. Nesse trabalho foi desenvolvido um aplicativo computacional baseado em algoritmos taxonômicos, cuja proposta é mostrar os resultados de seleção das ETEs, que apresente os melhores indicativos para a produção de energia elétrica a partir do biogás gerado nessas estações. A apresentação desses resultados é mostrada em uma estrutura taxonômica, que pode variar conforme o algoritmo selecionado no aplicativo. O experimento desenvolvido também mostrou o algoritmo mais adequado nas diversas simulações de caso proposta. A maturação desse trabalho se propõe então em auxiliar na tomada de decisões para futuros gestores de empreendimentos de geração de energia elétrica a biogás, que de uma forma gráfica, possa ter os dados classificados com critérios previamente escolhidos sobre perspectivas definidas na priorização de critérios técnicos e econômicos.

O biogás é uma fonte de energia renovável que se destaca entre as bioenergias, pois este tipo de biocombustível pode ser produzido a partir do lixo urbano ou industrial e também pela decomposição de resíduos orgânicos, ou animais. Este tipo de biocombustível tem potencial para substituir os combustíveis fósseis no futuro. Assim, neste trabalho foram construídas redes de colaboração científica entre os países, instituições e autores que publicaram sobre biogás. Esta pesquisa foi realizada aplicando-se análise bibliométrica a 1245 artigos científicos. Para a colaboração científica no Brasil foram construídas e caracterizadas a rede de colaboração científica entre instituições e autores brasileiros que publicaram sobre biogás no período de 1945 a 2012. Neste intervalo foram analisados 50 trabalhos publicados por 156 autores em 51 instituições distintas pertencentes a 8 países. Para a rede de colaboração científica no mundo entre os países, instituições e autores, foi construída e caracterizada no período de 1945 a 2010. Esta pesquisa analisou 1245 artigos científicos, publicados por 2860 autores, de 1000 instituições distintas pertencentes a 89 países.